A loanword is a word borrowed from another language. As far as English is concerned, it borrows heavily from several languages across the world. There are many English words borrowed from Chinese.
6 words borrowed from Chinese
1. Ketchup
The word “ketchup” is standard across the English-speaking world and mainly refers to a paste made from tomatoes. But unlike what many Americans think, the word is neither Western in origin nor did it have an initial meaning tied to tomatoes. “Ketchup comes from the Hokkien Chinese word, kê-tsiap, the name of a sauce derived from fermented fish. It is believed that traders brought fish sauce from Vietnam to southeastern China. The British likely encountered ketchup in Southeast Asia, returned home, and tried to replicate the fermented dark sauce,” according to National Geographic.
2. Kowtow
In English, to “kowtow” means to agree or obey someone else out of subservience. It comes from the Cantonese word “kau tau.” However, the original word did not have the negative subservient meaning that the current English word has. “Kau tau” meant to lower one’s head in front of superiors as a sign of respect, usually before emperors, leaders, and parents.
3. Chow
People usually refer to food when they use the word “chow” in a sentence. For instance, “Let’s get some Indian chow” is an invitation for someone to come along for Indian cuisine. The word’s usage in English goes back to 1856 California, when Chinese laborers were hired in considerable numbers to build railroads. During those times, it was primarily used to refer to Chinese food. But now, “chow” is applied to all food items. The word is believed to have originated from the Chinese word “chǎo,” meaning “stir fry.”
4. Typhoon
In Chinese, “tai fung” meant a mighty wind. The English are believed to have picked up the word and then adapted it into the language as “typhoon.” The modern word is also similar to the ancient Greek word “tuphon.” Interestingly, a similar word exists in India called “tufan.” Linguists think that the English word is influenced by Cantonese and respelled to make it appear more Greek.
5. Gung-ho
Gung-ho refers to being in high spirits. When stationed in China in 1937, a U.S. colonel named Evans Carlson noticed that the Chinese army personnel had a unique way of boosting their morale. “Carlson was impressed by how the Chinese troops worked together using a system of cooperation they called gung ho, which means work together. Carlson introduced this phrase to his own Marine troops, but it didn’t catch on until 1943 when Randolph Scott portrayed a Marine in a movie called Gung Ho! After that, gung ho became a household word and a Marine’s highest compliment,” according to History.
6. Tycoon
Tycoon, a word that refers to a powerful person, also comes from China. It is inspired by the word “dakuan,”’ which means someone with a lot of money. However, “dakuan” itself originated from an older Cantonese word, “takiun,” which stood for a “great prince.” The Japanese used the term to refer to their leader, shogun Tokugawa Iyesada, when dealing with U.S. personnel in the 1800s. The word eventually became popular and followed U.S. ships back to America.
